Project Publications
| Book 1 | Book 2 | Book 3 | Book 4 | Book 5 | Book 6 | conference articles in journals |
Wach, K. (2014). International Strategies of Businesses: Some Evidence from Internationalised Polish Firms (chapter 3) In: A.S. Gubik & K. Wach K. (Eds.), International Entrepreneurship and Corporate Growth in Visegrad Countries. Miskolc: University of Miskolc (ISBN: 978-3-200-03673-4).
Full text: pdf (free download)
Abstract
The paper discusses the relation of the size of the firm and its international strategy, especially the EPRG (ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, geocentric) formula as one of the basic strategy typologies. The objective of this paper is to verify whether the size of internationalised firms from Poland plays any role in applying a particular international strategy. The article is based on V4 survey results conducted between October 2013 and February 2014 in different regions of Poland. Although it was a random sample of 190 firms, nevertheless the sampling is not representative. The research hypothesis to be tested states that the use of a geocentric strategy means more intensive internationalisation of firms measured by a higher level transnationality index (TNI). The Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance leads to significant results, that at least one of four samples (EPRG) is different from the other samples as far the TNI level is concerned. Firms applying the geocentric strategy have the highest median as well as lower and upper quartiles than firms applying the ethnocentric strategy.
Keywords: strategy, strategic management, international strategy, international business, internationalisation, international entrepreneurship
JEL classification: F23, M16, L21, L26
References
Ansoff, H.J. (1965). Corporate Strategy. An Analytic Approach to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Ayal, I. & Zif, J. (1978). Competitive Market Choice Strategies in Multinational Marketing. Columbia Journal of World Business, 13, 72-81.
Bartlett, C.A. & Ghoshal, S. (1989). Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Bell, S. (2008). International Brand Management of Chinese Companies. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag.
Bielawska, A. (2006). Finanse zagraniczne MSP. Wybrane zagadnienia. Warszawa: PWN.
Caligiuri, P.M. & Stroh, L.K. (1995). Multinational Corporation Management Strategies and International Human Resources Practices: Bringing IHRM to the Bottom Line. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 6(3), 494-507.
Chandler, A.D. (1962). Strategy and Structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cohen, W.A. (1986). War in the Marketplace. Business Horizons, 29(2), 10-20.
Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications Inc.
Daszkiewicz, N. (2008). Konkurencyjność małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w procesie internacjonalizacji (chapter 6) In: N. Daszkiewicz (ed.), Konkurencyjność. Poziom makro, mezo i mikro. Warszawa: PWN, pp. 119-138.
Drucker, P.F. (1985). Entrepreneurial Strategies. California Management Review, XXVII(2), 9-25.
Dunn, S.W. (1966). The Case Study Approach in Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Marketing Research, 3(1), 26-31.
Duréndez, A., Wach, K. (eds.) (2014). Patterns of Business Internationalisation in Visegrad Countries – In Search for Regional Specifics. Cartagena: Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena.
Eden, L., Dai, L. & Li, D. (2010). International Business, International Management, and International Strategy. What’s in a Name?, International Studies of Management and Organisation, 40(5), 54- 68.
Elinder, E. (1961). How international can advertising be?, International Advertiser, pp. 12-16.
Fernández, Z. & Nieto, M.J. (2005). Internationalization Strategy of Small and Medium-Sized Family Businesses: Some Influential Factors. Family Business Review, 18(1), 77-89.
Fletcher, R. (2001). A Holistic Approach to Internationalisation. International Business Review, 10(1), 25-49.
Fowler, F.J. (2009). Survey Research Methods. 4th ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Ghoshal, S. & Nohria, N. (1993). Horses for Courses: Organizational Forms for Multinational Corporations. Sloan Management Review, 34(2), 23-35.
Hansen, H.L. (1959). Creative Marketing Strategy, Boston Conference on Distribution Proceedings. Boston: International Marketing Institute.
Heenan, D.A. & Perlmutter H.V. (1979). Multinational Organizational Development: A Social Architectural Approach. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Hite, R.E. & Fraser, C. (1988). International Advertising Strategies of Multinational Corporations. Journal of Advertising Research, 28(4), 20-28.
Hollensen, S. (2007). Global Marketing: A Decision-Oriented Approach, 4th ed., Harlow: Pearson Education.
Julien, P.A., Joyal, A., Deschaies, L. & Ramangalahym, C. (1997). A Typology of Strategic Behavior among Small and Medium-sized Exporting Businesses: A Case Study. International Small Business Journal, 15(2), 33-50.
Kalantaridis, C. (2004). Internationalization, Strategic Behavior and the Small Firm. Journal of Small Business Management, 42(3): 245-262.
Keegan, W.J. (1969). Multinational Product Planning: Strategic Alternatives. Journal of Marketing, 33(1), 58-62.
Kotler, Ph., Armstrong, G., Saunders, J. & Wong, V. (2005). Principles of Marketing. 4th European Edition. Harlow: FT/Prentice Hall.
Leong, S,M. & Tan, C.T. (1993). Managing Across Borders: An Empirical Test of the Bartlett and Ghoshal (1989) Organizational Typology. Journal of International Business Studies, 24(3), 449- 464.
Lyon, D.W., Lumpkin, G.T. & Dess, G.G. (2000). Enhancing Entrepreneurial Orientation Research: Operationalizing and Measuring a Key Strategic Decision Making Process. Journal of Management, 26(5), 1055-1085.
Muratbekova-Touron, M. (2008). From an Ethnocentric to a Geocentric Approach to IHRM: The Case of a French Multinational Company. Cross Cultural Management, 15(4), 335-352.
Naman, J.L. & Slevin, D.P. (1993). Entrepreneurship and the concept of fit: A model and empirical tests. Strategic Management Journal, 14(2), 137–153.
Perlmutter, H.V. (1969). The Tortuous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation (A drama in three acts…). Columbia Journal of World Business, 4, 9-18.
Pett, T.L., Francis, J.D. & Wolff J.A. (2004). Examining SME’s Internationalization Motives as an Extension of Competitive Strategy. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 16(1), 46-65.
Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive Strategy. Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Porter, M.E. (1985). Competitive Advantage. Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Powers, T.L. & Loyka, J.L. (2010). Adaptation of Marketing Mix Elements in International Markets. Journal of Global Marketing, 23(1), 65-79.
Rue, L.W. & Holland, P.G. (1989). Strategic Management: Concepts and Experiences. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Publishing.
Schröter, H.G. (2008). The European Enterprise. Its Relevance and Problems In: H.G. Schröter (ed.), The European Enterprise: Historical Investigation into a Future Species, Berlin Heidelber: Springer.
Tubielewicz, A. (2004). Zarządzanie strategiczne w biznesie międzynarodowym. Warszawa: WNT. Wach, K. (2012). Europeizacja małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw: rozwój przez umiędzynarodowienie. Warszawa: PWN.
Wach, K. (2014). Research Methodology of the Field Studies on the Firm-Level Internationalisation in Visegrad Countries (chapter 2). In: A. Duréndez & K. Wach (eds.), Patterns of Business Internationalisation in Visegrad Countries – In Search for Regional Specifics. Cartagena: Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena, pp. 33-43.
Wach, K. & Wojciechowski, L. (2014). The Size and the Strategic International Orientation: The Use of EPRG Model among Polish Family and Non-Family Firms. Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie, t. XV(7[1]), 143-156.
Wind, Y., Douglas, S.P. & Perlmutter, H.V. (1973). Guidelines for Developing International Marketing Strategies. Journal of Marketing, 37(2), 14-23.
Wolff, J.A. & Pett, T.L. (2000). Internationalization of Small Firms: An Examination of Export Competitive Patterns, Firm Size and Export Performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(2), 34-47.
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Slovakia
Contact:
Dr hab. Krzysztof Wach
Cracow University of Economics
wachk@uek.krakow.pl
www.wach.uek.krakow.pl
