Project Publications
| Book 1 | Book 2 | Book 3 | Book 4 | Book 5 | Book 6 | conference articles in journals |
Chapter 4:
Jarosiński, M. (2014). Characteristics of Polish Firms’ Internationalisation Processes In: Knezevic, B. & Wach, K. (eds), International Business from the Central European Perspective. Zagreb: University of Zagreb Publishing Service.
Full text: pdf
Abstract:
Objective: The objective of the article is to
present the characteristics of Polish firms’ internationalisation
processes.
Research Design & Methods: The article reviews major
research on Polish firms’ internationalisation done in recent years
including author’s own to prove the thesis that the degree of
internationalisation of Polish firms is still low but in general Polish
firms are getting more and more advanced in their processes of
internationalisation. The basic limitation of the presented findings is
in the effort to compare results of various studies based on different
initial assumptions.
Findings: The history of internationalisation of Polish
firms is not long as the real internationalisation started with the
change into market economy in Poland. Before 1990 all exports and
imports had to go through state appointed intermediaries – Foreign Trade
Enterprises as the state had a monopoly on international trade. Gradual
relaxation of regulations concerning foreign trade eventually allowed
individual Polish firms to operate independently on foreign markets
however the real surge in internationalisation took place after Poland’s
accession to the EU. This change was especially visible in Polish
foreign investments growing a lot since then. Twenty years after the
transformation has taken place the general level of Polish firms’
internationalisation is still low. It has been indicated by the author’s
research as well as by other studies done in Poland. Polish firms on
average operate only in a few foreign markets, mostly in Europe. The
prevailing mode of operation is exports. Despite the average feeble
situation one can identify firms of very high internationalisation,
operating on many markets all over the world, whose share of foreign
sales in total sales is close to 100%. A close analysis has revealed
that some of these firms fall into the category of born globals.
Contribution & Added Value: Original value of the
article lies in overall characteristics of Polish firms’
internationalisation processes which will allow authors from other
Visegrad countries to look for similarities and differences among
internationalistion processes of firms from these countries.
Kewords:
internationalization, Poland, entry modes, international management
References:
Andersen O., 1993, ‘On the Internationalization Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis’ Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 24, no. 2.
Beamish P.W., 1997, ‘The Internationalization Process’ in P.W. Beamish, A. Morrison, Ph.M. Rosenzweig, International Management, wyd. 3, Irwin, Boston.
Bilkey W.J., Tesar G., 1978, ‘The Export Behavior of Smaller Wisconsin Manufacturing Firms’, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 9, no. 1.
Daszkiewicz N., Wach K., 2013, Małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa na rynkach międzynarodowych (Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on International Markets), Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie, Krakow.
KPMG Report, 2010, Ekspansja międzynarodowa polskich przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych (International Expansion of Polish Production Firms), Warsaw.
Romanowska M. (ed.), 2011, Grupy kapitałowe w Polsce. Strategie i struktury (Corporate Groups in Poland. Strategies and Structures), PWE, Warsaw.
Jarosiński M., 2002, ‘Dywersyfikacja branżowa przedsiębiorstw handlu zagranicznego w Polsce w okresie transformacji (Business Diversification of Polish Foreign Trade Enterprises in the Period of the Transformation)’, Organizacja i Kierowanie, vol. 3 (109).
Jarosiński M., 2013a, ‘Characteristics of Born Globals from a Transition Economy’, Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of European International Business Academy (EIBA), Bremen.
Jarosiński M., 2013b, Procesy i modele internacjonalizacji polskich przedsiębiorstw (Processes and Models of Polish Firms Internationalisation), Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH, Warsaw.
Johanson J., Valne J.-E., 2003, ‘Business Relationship Learning and Commitment in the Internationalization Process’, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, vol. 1, no. 1.
Johanson J., Vahlne J.-E., 1977, ‘The Internationalisation Process of the Firm: A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments’, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 8, no. 1.
Johanson J., Vahlne J.-E., 1990, ‘The Mechanism of Internationalisation’, International Marketing Review, vol. 7, no. 4.
Johanson J., Vahlne J.-E., 2009, ‘The Uppsala Internationalisation Process Model Revisited: From Liability of Foreignness to Liability of Outsidership’, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 40, no. 9.
Johanson J., Wiedersheim-Paul F., 1975, ‘The Internationalisation of the Firm: Four Swedish Cases’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 12, no. 3.
Karaszewski W. (ed.), 2013, Aktywność inwestycyjna polskich przedsiębiorstw za granicą. Czynniki i skutki (Foreign Investment Activity of Polish Firms: Determinants and Results), PWE, Warsaw.
Knight G.A., 1997, Emerging Paradigm for International Marketing: The Born Global Firm, PhD Dissertation, Michigan State University, Michigan.
Laanti R., Gabrielsson M., Gabrielsson P., 2007, ‘The Globalization Strategies of Business-to-Business Born Global Firms in the Wireless Technology Industry’, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 36, no. 8.
Madsen T.K., Servais P., 1997, ‘The Internationalization of Born Globals: An Evolutionary Process?’, International Business Review, vol. 6, no. 6.
Morawczyński R., 2008, ‘Born Globals and “Traditionally” Internationalized SMEs in the Polish Economy. Some Empirical Findings from a Comparative Analysis’ in Enterprises in the Face of 21st Century Challenges, eds. R. Borowiecki, A. Jaki, UE, Kraków.
Oviatt B.M., McDougall P.P., 1994, ‘Toward a Theory of International New Ventures’, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 25, no. 1.
Pietrasieński P., 2005, Międzynarodowe strategie marketingowe (International Marketing Strategies), PWE, Warsaw.
Przybylska K., 2010, ‘Born global – nowa generacja małych polskich przedsiębiorstw (Born Global – a New Generation of Small Polish Firms)’, Gospodarka Narodowa, no. 7–8.
Reid S.D., 1981, ‘The Decision Maker and Export Entry and Expansion’, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 12, no. 2.
Rymarczyk J., 2004, Internacjonalizacja i globalizacja przedsiębiorstwa (Internationalisation and Globalisation of a Firm), PWE, Warsaw.
Śliwiński R., 2011, Kluczowe czynniki międzynarodowej konkurencyjności polskich przedsiębiorstw (Key Factors of International Competitiveness of Polish Firms), UE, Poznań.
Wach K., 2012, Europeizacja małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw: rozwój przez umiędzynarodoweinie (Europeisation of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises), Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warsaw.
Witek-Hajduk M.K., 2010, Strategie internacjonalizacji polskich przedsiębiorstw w warunkach akcesji Polski do Unii Europejskiej (Internationalisation Strategies of Polish Enterprises during Poland’s Accession to the European Union), wyd. 2, Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH, Warsaw.
Czech Republic
Hungary
Poland
Slovakia
Contact:
Dr hab. Krzysztof Wach
Cracow University of Economics
wachk@uek.krakow.pl
www.wach.uek.krakow.pl
